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Technical Design Document

Routing Unresolved Google Workspace Recipients to Zoho Mail

Split-delivery design that keeps Google Workspace as primary MX while relaying mail for unrecognised addresses to a Zoho Mail mailbox instead of bouncing it.

Status
Draft for review
Owner
Workspace Admin
Systems
Google Workspace · Zoho Mail
Version
v1.0 — 2026-06-30
Inbound Mail FlowCatch-All RoutingAdmin Console Change

01Purpose & Scope

Google Workspace is the domain's primary mail system of record. Today, any message addressed to a recipient that does not exist as a Workspace user is rejected at the SMTP boundary and bounced back to the sender. This document specifies a routing configuration that intercepts only unrecognised / catch-all addresses and relays them to a designated mailbox in Zoho Mail, while all mail addressed to real Workspace users continues to be delivered in Gmail unchanged.

In scope — Inbound SMTP routing rule for the Unrecognized/Catch-allaccount type, and the mail-route definition pointing at Zoho's inbound server.
Out of scope — Migrating existing Workspace mailboxes to Zoho; outbound relay / SMTP relay configuration; group-based forwarding.

02Current State

MX records for the domain point to Google. Workspace evaluates the recipient against its user/group directory on every inbound message:

Recipient typeCurrent behaviourDesired behaviour
Existing Workspace userDelivered to Gmail inboxNo change — Delivered to Gmail inbox
Group / aliasDelivered per group settingsNo change
Non-existent addressBounced (5xx, NDR to sender)Relayed to Zoho catch-all mailbox
Suspended user / Gmail offNot covered by Routing settingsNo change — requires Default Routing separately

03Proposed Design

Two Admin Console objects are introduced, both scoped to the top-level organisational unit:

  1. Mail Route — a new host entry under Gmail → Hosts pointing at Zoho's inbound MX (e.g. mx.zoho.com, region-specific), TLS enforced.
  2. Routing Rule — under Gmail → Routing, an inbound rule that modifies the route for messages only when Account types to affect = Unrecognized/Catch-all, redirecting them to the route created above.

Message flow

Sender
External MTA
MX (unchanged)
Google Workspace
Directory check
User exists?
Yes → Gmail · No → Route
Gmail Inbox / Zoho Mail

04Configuration Steps

4.1 — Add the Zoho mail route

Admin console → Apps → Google Workspace → Gmail → Hosts

# Add Route
Host name/IP:  mx.zoho.com   # or region: mx.zoho.eu / mx.zoho.in
Port:          25
Security:      Require TLS (recommended)

4.2 — Create the catch-all routing rule

Admin console → Apps → Google Workspace → Gmail → Routing → Configure / Add another rule

FieldValue
Email messages to affectInbound
ActionModify message → Change route
RouteZoho host added in 4.1
Account types to affectUnrecognized / Catch-all only
Organisational unitTop-level (applies domain-wide)
Why this order matters— The route must exist as a Host before it can be selected inside a Routing rule's "Change route" picker. Step 4.1 is a hard dependency of 4.2.

05Dependencies & Preconditions

  • SPF and DKIM must be correctly published for the domain — routed mail is only recognised as authenticated internal traffic if the domain passes these checks.
  • Zoho must be configured to accept relayed mail for this domain from Google's sending IP ranges (confirm with Zoho support / allowlist as needed).
  • A destination mailbox or distribution address must exist on the Zoho side to receive the catch-all traffic.
  • Gmail Settings admin privilege is required to edit Hosts and Routing.

06Risks & Considerations

Propagation delay — Rule changes can take up to 24 hours to fully apply across the organisation; do not assume immediate effect during testing.
Scope of "Unrecognised" — Routing rules apply only to active users with Gmail turned on. Suspended users or users with Gmail off are not covered and will need a separate Default Routing configuration.
Rule precedence — If another Routing or Default Routing setting also modifies inbound message routes, Google Workspace applies the higher-priority rule and silently ignores the conflicting one — review existing rules for overlap before activating this one.

07Test Plan

Test caseExpected resultStatus
Send to existing user addressDelivered to Gmail inbox, unaffectedPass
Send to random non-existent address (e.g. asdf1234@domain.com)Relayed to Zoho catch-all mailbox, no bouncePending
Send to a suspended userNot covered by this rule — verify against Default Routing behaviourN/A
SPF/DKIM check on relayed message at ZohoPasses authentication, not flagged as spamPending

08Rollback

Disable or delete the Routing rule created in step 4.2. Mail to unrecognised addresses immediately reverts to bouncing at Google's SMTP boundary; no changes to existing user mailboxes are made by this design, so rollback carries no data-loss risk.

Technical Design Document · v1.0 · 2026-06-30Owner: Workspace Admin